Chapter 7 capital cost estimation 1. Capital Cost Estimation NMSU Chemical Engineering Ch E 452 2. Outline• Types of estimates• Adjusting costs for changes in capacity• Adjusting costs for changes in time• Total plant cost estimates – Direct, indirect, etc. – Lang Factors – Module cost approach – Effect of temperature and pressure• Capcost program
How To Estimate The Cost Of A Steel Mill - belgian-press.be
estimated cost of building a steel mill. steel mill set up cost estimate - beltconveyers.Approximate cost estimating system for construction of steel mill ... Chat With Sales » how much does a steel mill cost - …
Electricity generator cost data from survey form EIA-860
Average cost of fossil-fuels for electricity generation; ... Solar PV plants by tracking system total cost (billion $) crystalline silicon, fixed tilt ... Solar photovoltaic (PV) data are based on reported alternating current (AC) capacity and may differ from other cost and capacity estimates that use direct current (DC) ratings of PV panels.
Process Equipment Cost Estimation, Final Report (Technical ...
The ultimate goal of this effort was to develop an estimate of the life cycle costs for the aforementioned waste types. The Cost Estimation Model is a tool that can be used to calculate the costs of waste management at LANL for the aforementioned waste types, under several different scenarios.
How to Calculate the Cost of Starting a Dairy Farm: 7 Steps
To calculate the cost of starting a... Dairy farming can be a lucrative and rewarding business, but determining the amount of capital required to start a dairy farm can be a daunting task. To calculate the cost of starting a dairy farm, document some basic information on a...
How to Develop a Budget for Your Landscape Project
How to Develop a Budget for Your Landscape Project. ... where do you look for price and cost comparison information to help you develop your landscape budget? There is no such thing as a price tag on a landscape project as you would find on a car, TV, computer or any other large consumer-type purchase. ... Included would be a small entrance ...
Starting Steel Mini Mill. 516 comments; ... Gujarat, India. I want to start a steel mini mill. I want to have rough cost estimates of the whole process. I also want to have the financial information about starting a mini mill. ... dear all i want to know how i can set a small steel plant so that i can produce 100 tons per month.pls call me who ...
How much does it cost to start a mini steel plant in India ...
How much does it cost to start a mini steel plant in India? Update Cancel. Answer Wiki. 3 Answers. ... So, a plant with an annual capacity of 500,000 tons (a small plant) would cost $125 million to $150 million. Typically, with the gross margins on steel products today, ... How much does it cost to set up a plastic recycling plant in India?
Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet Package Plants ... facilities used to treat wastewater in small communities or on individual properties. According to manufacturers, package plants can be designed to treat flows as low as 0.002 MGD or as ... Extended aeration package plants consist of a steel tank that is compartmentalized into flow ...
How To Build a Single-Level Raised Deck at The Home Depot
How to Build a Raised Deck. Weekend. ... to build determines how you use your deck, as well as how you build it. The single-level raised deck we'll show you how to build in this guide is 24 feet long and 14 feet wide. ... • Make four 8-inch diameter footings for 4 x 4-inch posts to support a small transition landing in the stair run. The ...
Concrete Parking Lot Cost - All About Parking Lots
Looking for an idea of concrete parking lot cost? See a list of what goes into factoring the cost of installing a new concrete parking lot that's used by all reputable concrete contractors. ... How far is the job site away from the concrete plant? ... Obviously this part of a cost estimate is a variable depending upon the size of the project ...
Cost to Build a Farm - Estimates and Prices at Fixr
Find here detailed information about build a farm costs. ... steel frame, corrugated roofing, plywood siding, lighting fixtures spaced accordingly, heating units, fogging units, bulk feed tanks, and a water system. ... Sliding barn doors and hardware - Average hardware set will cost …
Cost Estimating Assumptions City of TracyG-1 ... The estimated construction cost for the water treatment plant expansion is $3.00 per gallon of treatment capacity. ... The estimated cost of the recycled water reservoirs is the same as for the potable water storage reservoirs. The data are repeated herein for reference.
Calculating the cost of a metal building | BuildingsGuide
The main factors to consider when evaluating the price of a metal building are: What size of building do you require (Length x Width) to give you the total square feet of building space required ... A qualified steel building erection crew could cost you $3-10 per square foot. For an instant estimate see: ...
How Much Does It Cost To Install Landscaping? - HomeAdvisor
How much will your project cost? Get Estimates Now. How Much Does It Cost To Install Landscaping? National Average Change Location | View National $ 3,245. Typical Range $ 1,419 ... The mixture of flowering native plants, rocks, small boulders, blue Mexican rocks, sand area, and a side herb garden look beautiful, functional, eco friendly and ...
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT …
1 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT FOR MONTEVIDEO; AND WASTE TO ENERGY IN SMALL ISLANDS María Elena Díaz Barriga Rodríguez Advisor: Professor Nickolas J. …
Estimating Time Accurately - Project Management Skills ...
This is why it's important to estimate time accurately, if your project is to be successful. In this article, we look at a process for making good time estimates, and we explore some of the estimating methods that you can use. ... With comparative estimating, you look at the time it took to do similar tasks, on other projects. ... Although this ...
Get free estimates from local landscaping contractors. ... Most homeowners embarking on various landscaping projects will probably have basic landscaping set up, such as grass, dirt, sod, etc. However, if you moved into a newly constructed home, you may have decided to forgo landscaping. ... but the cost can really add up for even a small ...
How to Make a Budget for Repair and Maintenance for a ...
Compare estimates with actual costs to keep budgets on track. Use common sense by instructing employees in proper care of equipment by keeping refrigerator and freezer doors closed, cleaning or ...
How much does it cost to build an oil refinery and how ...
How much does it cost to build an oil refinery and how long does it take to build one? Update Cancel. Answer Wiki. 9 Answers. ... if it is small the Investment unit price is very high. ... "Uganda is looking for a lead investor to develop a refinery estimated to cost $2.5 billion, two weeks after issuing its first production license to China ...
Cost to plant a tree - Estimates and Prices at Howmuch
Average cost to plant a tree is about $106 per tree (five small trees delivered and planted). ... Plant five small trees on a residential lot. Item Unit Cost Quantity Line Cost; ... To get accurate cost estimates, indicate yours: Get free estimates. Related cost guides. Tree Trimming Costs; Tree Removal Costs
LNG Plant Cost Escalation - Oxford Institute for Energy ...
Figure 22 generated from data produced by Wood Mackenzie based on its estimate of the capital 1 Brazil, Russia, ... February 2014: LNG Plant Cost Escalation 3 ... what can be attributed to steel and other commodity input costs?
Appendix E- Capital and Construction Costs E.1 Capital Cost Summary E.2 Equipment ... Item Material Cost Labor Costs 26 4 Plant Structural Steel ea. 1 $18,484.00 $18,484 ... Total Capital Cost Estimate Breakdown. Labor 20%. Total Direct Cost Breakdown by
THE MINIMUM OPTIMAL STEEL PLANT AND THE SURVIVOR …
THE MINIMUM OPTIMAL STEEL PLANT AND THE SURVIVOR TECHNIQUE OF COST ESTIMATION Robert P. Rogers WORKING PAPER NO. 197 August 1992 FTC Bureau of Economics working papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment All data contained in them are in the ... given plant is efficient, its estimate of the size of ...
Simplified Method for Estimating the Cost of Plant ...
By adding a feature that sees a higher unit cost for small pieces of equipment compared to larger ones, the approximation is acceptable. ... carbon steel or stainless steel), length of the circuit, and difference of the temperature between the inlet and outlet. ... We have presented a methodology and a tool for carrying out cost estimates for ...
How does an estimator estimate the cost of a construction ...
How does an estimator estimate the cost of a construction project? For those reader's not familiar with cost estimating, the process involved is complex. ... poses a contracting organization with a difficult set of problems to cope with. ... that is, a small proportion of the items account for a very large proportion of the cost ...
How Much Does a Retaining Wall Cost? Get free estimates from local Retaining Wall contractors. Get Started! Get Local Cost ... Most builders use a heavy hamper to tamper down the stones, and they'll add a small amount of water at the end. This lets them track the drainage and ensure that the wall drains properly. ... Home Project Costs ...
New to Meat Processing? How To Get Started | Niche Meat ...
New to Meat Processing? How To Get Started. Whether you want to expand, upgrade, or build a new plant, the steps are similar. Here's a simple outline for a complex process: ... Plant Design This is an integral part of both your business plan and your financing. ... You will need to involve contractors to estimate your construction costs. This ...
How much does a water desalination plant cost? - Quora
The Kurnell Desalination Plant should have provided Sydney, Australia with a substantial portion of its fresh water (but it started raining again), and its estimated construction cost was $1.896 billion AU dollars, but it came in $60 million under budget.
Cost of structural steelwork - Steelconstruction.info
Cost of structural steelwork. From Steelconstruction.info. Jump to: ... Where the initial budget estimates of steel frame costs are not realistic, the wrong frame solution can be selected at a higher cost of not only the frame but potentially also the related building elements. ... The budget set at the early stages of the design needs to ...
The term "base cost estimate" was developed by WSDOT for cost ... documentation of assumptions used can eliminate overlap of future estimate assumptions. This document provides a trail about what is known about the project. This allows project "knowns" as well as "unknowns" to be clearly identified. This
Nuclear Power Economics | Nuclear Energy Costs - World ...
Nuclear fuel costs for nuclear plants are a minor proportion of total generating costs, though capital costs are greater. ... In assessing the economics of nuclear power, decommissioning and waste disposal costs are fully taken into account. ... and the cost estimates from some advanced reactor companies – if they are shown to be accurate ...
fabricated steel per ton - Structural engineering other ...
· A very rough estimate for fabrication in Asia would be 1. cost of steel ... Erection Plant AUD 1,200/tonne (~USD 874/ton) TOTAL AUD 9,750/tonne (~USD 5,339/ton) ... Cost of steel per ton is about USD 777 and fabrication + erection cost is about USD 266. But this is for industrial applications upto 14 meters height.
3. CALCULATION OF MACHINE RATES - Home | Food and ...
The cost of periodically overhauling major components may be estimated from the owner's manual and the local cost of parts and labor, or by getting advice from the manufacturer. Another owner's experience with similar equipment and cost records under typical working conditions is a valuable source.
Construction Cost Estimating : Approximate and Detailed ...
Methods of Construction Cost Estimating include unit quantity and total quantity detailed methods as well as appoximate estimates. ... of different categories who will have to be employed to complete the work in the specified time can be found from the estimate. 3. Estimating Plant. ... The price per unit should not be a very small figure or a ...
Cost Estimators : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S ...
Cost estimators prepare estimates for the time, money, materials, and labor required to manufacture a product. ... one component, such as the foundation. They identify costs of elements such as raw materials and labor, and they may set a timeline for how long they expect the project to take. ... Manufacturing cost estimators calculate the costs ...
Small Winery Investment and Operating Costs EB1996. ... estimated construction costs and square footage for each winery are reported in Appendix A. ... Plant and office equipment represent the majority of a winery's investment costs (Table 3). Investment costs for plant and office equipment range from 49 to 56 percent of total investment.
steel cost electric arc furnace 2018 steelmaking economics
The cost is for a notional producer - a typical size plant of about 1m t/year capacity, based in Japan, using a 100% scrap charge to EAF [no DRI or irons], and producing commodity grade carbon steel for long products with average labour productivity. To benchmark or estimate conversion costs for different locations, for steel grades such as ...
Study of Equipment Prices in the Power Sector - ESMAP
Study Findings—Plant Cost Estimates xiii Study Findings—Global Marketplace xiv 1. Project Approach Methodology 1 ... Cost Index for Carbon Steel Pipe and Tubing 80 A2.11: Cost Index for Field Erected Steel Tanks 81 ... STUDY OF EQUIPMENT PRICES IN THE POWER SECTOR
Estimation of Project Cost for a Green Field Steel Project ...
Estimation of Project Cost for a Green Field Steel Project. Posted by Satyendra on Feb 14, ... Estimation of the project cost for a green field steel project is the art and science of using historical data, personal expertise and experience, institutional memory, and the project scope statement. ... Hence project cost estimate during plant ...
how to set small steel plant and estimated cost
Chapter 7 capital cost estimation - SlideShare
Chapter 7 capital cost estimation 1. Capital Cost Estimation NMSU Chemical Engineering Ch E 452 2. Outline• Types of estimates• Adjusting costs for changes in capacity• Adjusting costs for changes in time• Total plant cost estimates – Direct, indirect, etc. – Lang Factors – Module cost approach – Effect of temperature and pressure• Capcost program
How To Estimate The Cost Of A Steel Mill - belgian-press.be
estimated cost of building a steel mill. steel mill set up cost estimate - beltconveyers.Approximate cost estimating system for construction of steel mill ... Chat With Sales » how much does a steel mill cost - …
Electricity generator cost data from survey form EIA-860
Average cost of fossil-fuels for electricity generation; ... Solar PV plants by tracking system total cost (billion $) crystalline silicon, fixed tilt ... Solar photovoltaic (PV) data are based on reported alternating current (AC) capacity and may differ from other cost and capacity estimates that use direct current (DC) ratings of PV panels.
Process Equipment Cost Estimation, Final Report (Technical ...
The ultimate goal of this effort was to develop an estimate of the life cycle costs for the aforementioned waste types. The Cost Estimation Model is a tool that can be used to calculate the costs of waste management at LANL for the aforementioned waste types, under several different scenarios.
How to Calculate the Cost of Starting a Dairy Farm: 7 Steps
To calculate the cost of starting a... Dairy farming can be a lucrative and rewarding business, but determining the amount of capital required to start a dairy farm can be a daunting task. To calculate the cost of starting a dairy farm, document some basic information on a...
How to Develop a Budget for Your Landscape Project
How to Develop a Budget for Your Landscape Project. ... where do you look for price and cost comparison information to help you develop your landscape budget? There is no such thing as a price tag on a landscape project as you would find on a car, TV, computer or any other large consumer-type purchase. ... Included would be a small entrance ...
Starting Steel Mini Mill - Startup Biz Hub
Starting Steel Mini Mill. 516 comments; ... Gujarat, India. I want to start a steel mini mill. I want to have rough cost estimates of the whole process. I also want to have the financial information about starting a mini mill. ... dear all i want to know how i can set a small steel plant so that i can produce 100 tons per month.pls call me who ...
How much does it cost to start a mini steel plant in India ...
How much does it cost to start a mini steel plant in India? Update Cancel. Answer Wiki. 3 Answers. ... So, a plant with an annual capacity of 500,000 tons (a small plant) would cost $125 million to $150 million. Typically, with the gross margins on steel products today, ... How much does it cost to set up a plastic recycling plant in India?
Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet: Package Plants
Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet Package Plants ... facilities used to treat wastewater in small communities or on individual properties. According to manufacturers, package plants can be designed to treat flows as low as 0.002 MGD or as ... Extended aeration package plants consist of a steel tank that is compartmentalized into flow ...
How To Build a Single-Level Raised Deck at The Home Depot
How to Build a Raised Deck. Weekend. ... to build determines how you use your deck, as well as how you build it. The single-level raised deck we'll show you how to build in this guide is 24 feet long and 14 feet wide. ... • Make four 8-inch diameter footings for 4 x 4-inch posts to support a small transition landing in the stair run. The ...
Concrete Parking Lot Cost - All About Parking Lots
Looking for an idea of concrete parking lot cost? See a list of what goes into factoring the cost of installing a new concrete parking lot that's used by all reputable concrete contractors. ... How far is the job site away from the concrete plant? ... Obviously this part of a cost estimate is a variable depending upon the size of the project ...
Cost to Build a Farm - Estimates and Prices at Fixr
Find here detailed information about build a farm costs. ... steel frame, corrugated roofing, plywood siding, lighting fixtures spaced accordingly, heating units, fogging units, bulk feed tanks, and a water system. ... Sliding barn doors and hardware - Average hardware set will cost …
Cost Estimating Assumptions - City of Tracy
Cost Estimating Assumptions City of TracyG-1 ... The estimated construction cost for the water treatment plant expansion is $3.00 per gallon of treatment capacity. ... The estimated cost of the recycled water reservoirs is the same as for the potable water storage reservoirs. The data are repeated herein for reference.
Calculating the cost of a metal building | BuildingsGuide
The main factors to consider when evaluating the price of a metal building are: What size of building do you require (Length x Width) to give you the total square feet of building space required ... A qualified steel building erection crew could cost you $3-10 per square foot. For an instant estimate see: ...
How Much Does It Cost To Install Landscaping? - HomeAdvisor
How much will your project cost? Get Estimates Now. How Much Does It Cost To Install Landscaping? National Average Change Location | View National $ 3,245. Typical Range $ 1,419 ... The mixture of flowering native plants, rocks, small boulders, blue Mexican rocks, sand area, and a side herb garden look beautiful, functional, eco friendly and ...
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT …
1 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT FOR MONTEVIDEO; AND WASTE TO ENERGY IN SMALL ISLANDS María Elena Díaz Barriga Rodríguez Advisor: Professor Nickolas J. …
Estimating Time Accurately - Project Management Skills ...
This is why it's important to estimate time accurately, if your project is to be successful. In this article, we look at a process for making good time estimates, and we explore some of the estimating methods that you can use. ... With comparative estimating, you look at the time it took to do similar tasks, on other projects. ... Although this ...
Landscaping Costs - ImproveNet
Get free estimates from local landscaping contractors. ... Most homeowners embarking on various landscaping projects will probably have basic landscaping set up, such as grass, dirt, sod, etc. However, if you moved into a newly constructed home, you may have decided to forgo landscaping. ... but the cost can really add up for even a small ...
How to Make a Budget for Repair and Maintenance for a ...
Compare estimates with actual costs to keep budgets on track. Use common sense by instructing employees in proper care of equipment by keeping refrigerator and freezer doors closed, cleaning or ...
How much does it cost to build an oil refinery and how ...
How much does it cost to build an oil refinery and how long does it take to build one? Update Cancel. Answer Wiki. 9 Answers. ... if it is small the Investment unit price is very high. ... "Uganda is looking for a lead investor to develop a refinery estimated to cost $2.5 billion, two weeks after issuing its first production license to China ...
Cost to plant a tree - Estimates and Prices at Howmuch
Average cost to plant a tree is about $106 per tree (five small trees delivered and planted). ... Plant five small trees on a residential lot. Item Unit Cost Quantity Line Cost; ... To get accurate cost estimates, indicate yours: Get free estimates. Related cost guides. Tree Trimming Costs; Tree Removal Costs
LNG Plant Cost Escalation - Oxford Institute for Energy ...
Figure 22 generated from data produced by Wood Mackenzie based on its estimate of the capital 1 Brazil, Russia, ... February 2014: LNG Plant Cost Escalation 3 ... what can be attributed to steel and other commodity input costs?
Appendix E- Capital and Construction Costs
Appendix E- Capital and Construction Costs E.1 Capital Cost Summary E.2 Equipment ... Item Material Cost Labor Costs 26 4 Plant Structural Steel ea. 1 $18,484.00 $18,484 ... Total Capital Cost Estimate Breakdown. Labor 20%. Total Direct Cost Breakdown by
THE MINIMUM OPTIMAL STEEL PLANT AND THE SURVIVOR …
THE MINIMUM OPTIMAL STEEL PLANT AND THE SURVIVOR TECHNIQUE OF COST ESTIMATION Robert P. Rogers WORKING PAPER NO. 197 August 1992 FTC Bureau of Economics working papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment All data contained in them are in the ... given plant is efficient, its estimate of the size of ...
Simplified Method for Estimating the Cost of Plant ...
By adding a feature that sees a higher unit cost for small pieces of equipment compared to larger ones, the approximation is acceptable. ... carbon steel or stainless steel), length of the circuit, and difference of the temperature between the inlet and outlet. ... We have presented a methodology and a tool for carrying out cost estimates for ...
How does an estimator estimate the cost of a construction ...
How does an estimator estimate the cost of a construction project? For those reader's not familiar with cost estimating, the process involved is complex. ... poses a contracting organization with a difficult set of problems to cope with. ... that is, a small proportion of the items account for a very large proportion of the cost ...
How Much Does a Retaining Wall Cost? - ImproveNet
How Much Does a Retaining Wall Cost? Get free estimates from local Retaining Wall contractors. Get Started! Get Local Cost ... Most builders use a heavy hamper to tamper down the stones, and they'll add a small amount of water at the end. This lets them track the drainage and ensure that the wall drains properly. ... Home Project Costs ...
New to Meat Processing? How To Get Started | Niche Meat ...
New to Meat Processing? How To Get Started. Whether you want to expand, upgrade, or build a new plant, the steps are similar. Here's a simple outline for a complex process: ... Plant Design This is an integral part of both your business plan and your financing. ... You will need to involve contractors to estimate your construction costs. This ...
How much does a water desalination plant cost? - Quora
The Kurnell Desalination Plant should have provided Sydney, Australia with a substantial portion of its fresh water (but it started raining again), and its estimated construction cost was $1.896 billion AU dollars, but it came in $60 million under budget.
Cost of structural steelwork - Steelconstruction.info
Cost of structural steelwork. From Steelconstruction.info. Jump to: ... Where the initial budget estimates of steel frame costs are not realistic, the wrong frame solution can be selected at a higher cost of not only the frame but potentially also the related building elements. ... The budget set at the early stages of the design needs to ...
Cost Estimating Manual for projects
The term "base cost estimate" was developed by WSDOT for cost ... documentation of assumptions used can eliminate overlap of future estimate assumptions. This document provides a trail about what is known about the project. This allows project "knowns" as well as "unknowns" to be clearly identified. This
Nuclear Power Economics | Nuclear Energy Costs - World ...
Nuclear fuel costs for nuclear plants are a minor proportion of total generating costs, though capital costs are greater. ... In assessing the economics of nuclear power, decommissioning and waste disposal costs are fully taken into account. ... and the cost estimates from some advanced reactor companies – if they are shown to be accurate ...
fabricated steel per ton - Structural engineering other ...
· A very rough estimate for fabrication in Asia would be 1. cost of steel ... Erection Plant AUD 1,200/tonne (~USD 874/ton) TOTAL AUD 9,750/tonne (~USD 5,339/ton) ... Cost of steel per ton is about USD 777 and fabrication + erection cost is about USD 266. But this is for industrial applications upto 14 meters height.
3. CALCULATION OF MACHINE RATES - Home | Food and ...
The cost of periodically overhauling major components may be estimated from the owner's manual and the local cost of parts and labor, or by getting advice from the manufacturer. Another owner's experience with similar equipment and cost records under typical working conditions is a valuable source.
Construction Cost Estimating : Approximate and Detailed ...
Methods of Construction Cost Estimating include unit quantity and total quantity detailed methods as well as appoximate estimates. ... of different categories who will have to be employed to complete the work in the specified time can be found from the estimate. 3. Estimating Plant. ... The price per unit should not be a very small figure or a ...
Cost Estimators : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S ...
Cost estimators prepare estimates for the time, money, materials, and labor required to manufacture a product. ... one component, such as the foundation. They identify costs of elements such as raw materials and labor, and they may set a timeline for how long they expect the project to take. ... Manufacturing cost estimators calculate the costs ...
Small Winery Investment and Operating Costs
Small Winery Investment and Operating Costs EB1996. ... estimated construction costs and square footage for each winery are reported in Appendix A. ... Plant and office equipment represent the majority of a winery's investment costs (Table 3). Investment costs for plant and office equipment range from 49 to 56 percent of total investment.
steel cost electric arc furnace 2018 steelmaking economics
The cost is for a notional producer - a typical size plant of about 1m t/year capacity, based in Japan, using a 100% scrap charge to EAF [no DRI or irons], and producing commodity grade carbon steel for long products with average labour productivity. To benchmark or estimate conversion costs for different locations, for steel grades such as ...
Study of Equipment Prices in the Power Sector - ESMAP
Study Findings—Plant Cost Estimates xiii Study Findings—Global Marketplace xiv 1. Project Approach Methodology 1 ... Cost Index for Carbon Steel Pipe and Tubing 80 A2.11: Cost Index for Field Erected Steel Tanks 81 ... STUDY OF EQUIPMENT PRICES IN THE POWER SECTOR
Estimation of Project Cost for a Green Field Steel Project ...
Estimation of Project Cost for a Green Field Steel Project. Posted by Satyendra on Feb 14, ... Estimation of the project cost for a green field steel project is the art and science of using historical data, personal expertise and experience, institutional memory, and the project scope statement. ... Hence project cost estimate during plant ...